Environmental flows refer to the quantity, timing, and quality of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. It involves determining the minimum amount of water necessary to maintain ecological functions and processes, as well as supporting the needs of human populations. Environmental flows research seeks to balance the competing demands for water resources, ensuring that both ecosystems and human communities have access to enough water to thrive sustainably. This field of study is crucial for the management of water resources and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems in the face of increasing pressures from factors such as climate change, population growth, and economic development.